Farm Irrigation System
What is Farm Irrigation System?
Farm Irrigation systems are crucial for supplying water at rates and quantities needed to meet farm irrigation requirements and schedules. The system includes diverting water from a water source and conveys it to cropped areas of the farm and then distributing it over the area being irrigated. Additionally, farm irrigation system provides means for measuring and controlling flow.
What does Farm Irrigation actually do?
The main function of farm irrigation system is to supply crops with water at the right timing with the right quantities. Specific functions include:
- Diverting water from the water source
- Transporting the water to individual fields within the farm
- A network of distribution within each field
- Provide a means for measuring and regulating water flow
Types of Farm Irrigation Application Systems
There are basically three types of Farm Irrigation Application Systems which are sprinkler systems, trickle systems, and surface irrigation.
Sprinkler Irrigation System
Sprinkler Irrigation system uses sprinklers operating at pressure ranging from 70 to over 700kPa to create seemingly rain-like droplets over the land surface. This system applies water efficiently and has generally low labor requirements, despite using more energy than other application methods and has relatively high capital costs. With its great adaptability in various soils and terrains, it can be utilized successfully to irrigate difficult permeable soils, land having steep slopes and easily erodible soils and undulating terrain that would be too costly to smooth.
Trickle System
Trickle irrigation is the consistent, slow application of water either onto the root zone of the crop or directly onto the land surface. It is based upon the key concept of irrigating only the root zone of the crop instead of flooding the entire land surface. This method aims at maintaining the water content at the root zone at near optimum levels. Trickle irrigation is accomplished using a lower water pressure as compared to aforementioned sprinkler irrigation system which is around 15 to 200kPa. Trickle irrigation is preferred when high-value row crops are planted or there is a limited or expensive saline water supply.
Surface Irrigation
Most irrigation globally uses this method. Surface irrigation system generally requires a smaller initial investment, is more labor intensive and applies water less efficiently as most of the water are lost through evaporation. Surface irrigation is best suited for soils with moderate to low infiltration capacities and land with relatively uniform terrain and slopes less than 2 percent to prevent run-offs from occurring.
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